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活性炭 2

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Expression of protease-activated receptors on platelets in healthy individuals

Rui ZHU, Lin SHEN

《医学前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第2期   页码 236-239 doi: 10.1007/s11684-009-0040-7

摘要： This study aimed to investigate the expression of protease-activated receptors (PARs) on platelets in healthy individuals and preliminarily elucidate physiological functions of PARs. Thirty healthy volunteers, who did not take any anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents within 10 days before the examination, were recruited. Fasting venous blood (5 mL) was taken from the medial cubital vein in each individual and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was prepared. The expression of PAR1 mRNA and PAR4 mRNA in PRP was determined by RT-PCR analysis. The results showed that the average levels of PAR1 mRNA and PAR4 mRNA on platelets in healthy individuals were 0.1601 ± 0.0269 and 0.1073 ± 0.0194 respectively. In combination with literature analysis, it was concluded that the thrombin signaling pathway plays a vital role in the development of hemostasis and thrombosis, and the selective PARs antagonist has the potential for extensive application in clinical practice.

关键词： protease-activated receptors     platelet    

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High-affinity T cell receptors redirect cytokine-activated T cells (CAT) to kill cancer cells

Synat Kang, Yanyan Li, Yifeng Bao, Yi Li

《医学前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第1期   页码 69-82 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0677-1

摘要：

Cytokine-activated T cells (CATs) can be easily expanded and are widely applied to cancer immunotherapy. However, the good efficacy of CATs is rarely reported in clinical applications because CATs have no or very low antigen specificity. The low-efficacy problem can be resolved using T cell antigen receptor-engineered CAT (TCR-CAT). Herein, we demonstrate that NY-ESO-1157–165 HLA-A*02:01-specific high-affinity TCR (HAT)-transduced CATs can specifically kill cancer cells with good efficacy. With low micromolar range dissociation equilibrium constants, HAT-transduced CATs showed good specificity with no off-target killing. Furthermore, the high-affinity TCR-CATs delivered significantly better activation and cytotoxicity than the equivalent TCR-engineered T cells (TCR-Ts) in terms of interferon-g and granzyme B production and in vitro cancer cell killing ability. TCR-CAT may be a very good alternative to the expensive TCR-T, which is considered an effective personalized cyto-immunotherapy.

关键词： cytokine-activated T cells     high-affinity T cell receptor     cancer immunotherapy     TCR-CAT    

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Toll-like receptors in innate immunity and infectious diseases

Min-Hao WU, Ping ZHANG, Xi HUANG,

《医学前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第4期   页码 385-393 doi: 10.1007/s11684-010-0600-x

摘要： The protective ability of host defense system is largely dependent on germ-line encoded pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). These PRRs respond to a variety of exogenous pathogens or endogenous danger signals, by recognizing some highly conserved structures such as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger/damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). The most studied PRRs are Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Activation of TLRs triggers production of inflammatory cytokines and type I interferons (IFNs) via myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88)-dependent or-independent signaling respectively, thereby modulating innate and adaptive immunity, as well as inflammatory responses. This review introduces the classification, structure, and specific ligands of TLRs, and focuses on their signal pathways and biological activities, as well as clinical relevance. These studies of TLRs in the innate immune system have implications for the prevention and treatment of a variety of infectious diseases, including tuberculosis (TB), microbial keratitis, and hepatitis B and C.

关键词： Toll-like receptors     innate immunity     infectious disease     inflammation    

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Group III metabotropic glutamate receptors and drug addiction

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第4期   页码 445-451 doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0291-1

摘要：

Neuroadaptations of glutamatergic transmission in the limbic reward circuitry are linked to persistent drug addiction. Accumulating data have demonstrated roles of ionotropic glutamate receptors and group I and II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in this event. Emerging evidence also identifies Gαi/o-coupled group III mGluRs (mGluR4/7/8 subtypes enriched in the limbic system) as direct substrates of drugs of abuse and active regulators of drug action. Auto- and heteroreceptors of mGluR4/7/8 reside predominantly on nerve terminals of glutamatergic corticostriatal and GABAergic striatopallidal pathways, respectively. These presynaptic receptors regulate basal and/or phasic release of respective transmitters to maintain basal ganglia homeostasis. In response to operant administration of common addictive drugs, such as psychostimulants (cocaine and amphetamine), alcohol and opiates, limbic group III mGluRs undergo drastic adaptations to contribute to the enduring remodeling of excitatory synapses and to usually suppress drug seeking behavior. As a result, a loss-of-function mutation (knockout) of individual group III receptor subtypes often promotes drug seeking. This review summarizes the data from recent studies on three group III receptor subtypes (mGluR4/7/8) expressed in the basal ganglia and analyzes their roles in the regulation of dopamine and glutamate signaling in the striatum and their participation in the addictive properties of three major classes of drugs (psychostimulants, alcohol, and opiates).

关键词： group III metabotropic glutamate receptors     cocaine     amphetamine     alcohol     opiate    

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Distinct roles of ASIC3 and TRPV1 receptors in electroacupuncture-induced segmental and systemic analgesia

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第4期   页码 465-472 doi: 10.1007/s11684-016-0482-7

摘要：

Previous studies have demonstrated the effects of different afferent fibers on electroacupuncture (EA)-induced analgesia. However, contributions of functional receptors expressed on afferent fibers to the EA analgesia remain unclear. This study investigates the roles of acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3) and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) receptors in EA-induced segmental and systemic analgesia. Effects of EA at acupoint ST36 with different intensities on the C-fiber reflex and mechanical and thermal pain thresholds were measured among the ASIC3−/−, TRPV1−/−, and C57BL/6 mice. Compared with C57BL/6 mice, the ipsilateral inhibition of EA with 0.8 C-fiber threshold (0.8Tc) intensity on C-fiber reflex was markedly reduced in ASIC3−/− mice, whereas the bilateral inhibition of 1.0 and 2.0Tc EA was significantly decreased in TRPV1−/− mice. The segmental increase in pain thresholds induced by 0.3 mA EA was significantly reduced in ASIC3−/− mice, whereas the systemic enhancement of 1.0 mA EA was markedly decreased in TRPV1−/− mice. Thus, segmental analgesia of EA with lower intensity is partially mediated by ASIC3 receptor on Aβ-fiber, whereas systemic analgesia induced by EA with higher intensity is more likely induced by TRPV1 receptor on Ad- and C-fibers.

关键词： electroacupuncture     analgesia     ASIC3     TRPV1     C-fiber reflex    

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嵌合抗原受体和调节性T细胞——移植中人类白细胞抗原特异性免疫抑制的潜力 Review

Sabrina Wright, Conor Hennessy, Joanna Hester, Fadi Issa

《工程（英文）》 2022年 第10卷 第3期   页码 30-43 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.10.018

摘要：

嵌合抗原受体（CAR）是基因工程领域的一项突破，它彻底改变了过继细胞疗法（ACT）领域。表达这些受体的细胞通过在合成的CAR构建体中包含抗原特异性结合区域而被重新定向到预定的靶点。程序化特异性细胞在肿瘤学领域的优势已被临床证明，与同类未修饰的细胞相比，这种细胞具有更高的准确性、效力与更少的脱靶效应。与常规T细胞（Tconvs）不同，调节性T细胞（Treg）在抑制免疫激活和调节宿主免疫反应方面发挥着重要作用。Treg 中CAR的表达被认为是治疗自身免疫和炎症性疾病、移植物抗宿主病（GVHD）和器官移植排斥反应的一种方法。在后者中，它们作为同种异体移植受者免疫耐受的介质具有巨大的潜力。然而，目前对CAR-Treg 工程的研究非常有限，并且关于治疗用途的最佳设计存在不确定性。本文综述了CAR-Treg 发展的理论基础、其对人类移植的意义、潜在的设计、安全性考虑因素，以及迄今为止CAR-Treg在移植模型中的对比。

关键词： 嵌合抗原受体（CAR）     调节性T细胞     异性免疫     CAR设计     基因编辑    

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Advances in newly developing therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus infection

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第2期   页码 166-174 doi: 10.1007/s11684-014-0334-2

摘要：

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection afflicts a reported 170 million people worldwide and is often complicated by cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Morbidity and mortality are decreased with the successful treatment of chronic HCV infection. Increased understanding of the HCV has allowed further development of new direct-acting antiviral (DAA) agents against the HCV and has also allowed the development of IFN-free oral treatment regimens. In late 2013 the first nucleotide polymerase inhibitor regimen with RBV alone for genotypes 2/3 and in combination with a 12-week regimen of PEG-IFN+RBV for genotypes 1, 4 was approved for use in the US. A number of promising new DAA regimens which are IFN-free are in phase 3 development and the first will likely be approved for use in the US in 2014. The currently approved regimens are discussed in detail and currently available data on future regimens are reviewed herein.

关键词： direct-acting antiviral (DAA)     nucleotide polymerase inhibitors     protease inhibitors    

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Adsorption of benzene and toluene from waste gas using activated carbon activated by ZnCl

Leila KARIMNEZHAD,Mohammad HAGHIGHI,Esmaeil FATEHIFAR

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第6期   页码 835-844 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0695-4

摘要： A series of activated carbons with high surface area were prepared from walnut shell using chemical activation with ZnCl . In this research the carbonization stage was carried out at 500°C. The performance of the synthesized carbons evaluated in adsorption of benzene and toluene from waste gas. The influence of impregnation ratio on the characteristics of synthesized activated carbons as well as their adsorption capacity was investigated. The ratio of activation agent to walnut shell was selected in the range of 0.5–2.0 wt/wt. The synthesized activated carbons were characterized using XRD, SEM, BET and FTIR techniques. The highest activated carbon production yield was obtained at impregnation ratio of 1.5 wt/wt. The XRD analysis illustrated that peaks intensity decreased with increasing impregnation ratio showing that amorphous property of samples was increased. The SEM analysis revealed successful pore development in synthesized activated carbons obtained at high impregnation ratios. The surface area of the activated carbons increased with increasing impregnation ratio and its maximum value reached 2643 m ?g at impregnation ratio of 2/1. FTIR analysis indicated that the relative amount of different acidic surface groups on synthesized carbons was a function of impregnation ratio. Experimental results for benzene and toluene adsorption showed a high potential of employing synthesized impregnated activated carbon for treatment of waste gas. Generally, the amount of VOC adsorbed on the surface was affected by physicochemical properties of synthesized activated carbons.

关键词： Chemical activation     activated carbon     textural characterization     adsorption     benzene     toluene    

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Influence of pore structure on biologically activated carbon performance and biofilm microbial characteristics

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1419-1

摘要：

• Pore structure affects biologically activated carbon performance.

关键词： Granular activated carbon     Biologically activated carbon filter     Bacterial community structure     Pore structure    

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Anti-β glycoprotein I antibodies in complex with β2 glycoprotein I induce platelet activation via two receptors

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第1期   页码 76-84 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0426-7

摘要：

Anti-β2 glycoprotein I (anti-β2GP I ) antibodies are important contributors to thrombosis, especially in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). However, the mechanism by which anti-β2GP I antibodies are involved in the pathogenesis of thrombosis is not fully understood. In this report, we investigated the role of anti-β2GP I antibodies in complexes with β2GP I as mediators of platelet activation, which can serve as a potential source contributing to thrombosis. We examined the involvement of the apolipoprotein E receptor 2' (apoER2') and glycoprotein I ba (GP I bα) in platelet activation induced by the anti-β2GP I /β2GP I complex. The interaction between the anti-β2GP I /β2GP I complex and platelets was examined using in vitro methods, in which the Fc portion of the antibody was immobilized using protein A coated onto a microtiter plate. Platelet activation was assessed by measuring GP II b/ III a activation and P-selectin expression and thromboxane B2 production as well as p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation. Our results revealed that the anti-β2GP I /β2GP I complex was able to activate platelets, and this activation was inhibited by either the anti-GP I bα antibody or the apoER2' inhibitor. Results showed that the anti-β2GP I /β2GP I complex induced platelet activation via GP I bα and apoER2', which may then contribute to the prothrombotic tendency in APS patients.

关键词： anti-β2GP I /β2GP I complex     platelet     GP I bα     apoER2'     thrombosis    

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Removal of phenol by powdered activated carbon adsorption

Yan MA, Naiyun GAO, Wenhai CHU, Cong LI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第2期   页码 158-165 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0479-7

摘要： In this study, the adsorption performance of powdered activated carbon (PAC) on phenol was investigated in aqueous solutions. Batch adsorption studies were performed to evaluate the effects of various experimental parameters like PAC type, PAC dose, initial solution pH, temperature and pre-oxidation on the adsorption of phenol by PAC and establish the adsorption kinetics, thermodynamics and isothermal models. The results indicated that PAC adsorption is an effective method to remove phenol from water, and the effects of all the five factors on adsorption of phenol were significant. The adsorption rate of phenol by PAC was rapid, and more than 80% phenol could be absorbed by PAC within the initial 10 min. The adsorption process can be well described by pseudo-second-order adsorption kinetic model with rate constant amounted to 0.0313, 0.0305 and 0.0241 mg·μg ·min with coal, coconut shell and bamboo charcoal. The equilibrium data of phenol absorbed onto PAC were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich and Tempkin adsorption isotherms and Freundlich adsorption isotherm model gave the best correlation with the experimental data. Thermodynamic parameters such as the standard Gibbs free energy (? ), enthalpy (? ) and entropy (? ) obtained in this study indicated that the adsorption of phenol by PAC is spontaneous, exothermic and entropy decreasing.

关键词： phenol     powdered activated carbon     adsorption     kinetics     isotherms    

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Kinetics and thermodynamics of the phosphine adsorption on the modified activated carbon

Bingnan REN

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 203-208 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0571-0

摘要： The kinetics and the thermodynamics of phosphine (PH ) adsorption on the modified activated carbon have been explained for the adsorption process of PH . This study investigated the kinetic and thermodynamic properties of PH adsorption on the activated carbon impregnated with 5% HCl solution. The thermodynamic properties including PH adsorption isotherm and adsorption heat were separately investigated at 20°C, 70°C, 90°C. The results showed that the Freundlich-type isotherm equation described the isotherms well. The adsorption capacity increased with increasing temperature between 20°C and 70°C. Between 70°C and 90°C, the adsorption capacity decreased obviously with increasing temperature. The adsorption capacity reached the maximum at 70°C. By analyzing the results of the kinetics and the thermodynamics, we found that the adsorption of PH was dominated by physical adsorption at the lower temperature (20°C). Then with increasing temperature, chemical adsorption gradually dominated in the adsorption process. The adsorption capacity decreased at above 70°C is due to the exothermic effects in the process of adsorption.

关键词： adsorption     PH3     activated carbon     kinetics     thermodynamics    

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Responses of microbial interactions to elevated salinity in activated sludge microbial community

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1660-x

摘要：

● Salinity led to the elevation of NAR over 99.72%.

关键词： Elevated salinity     Activated sludge system     Pollution removal     Microbial interactions     Competitive relationship    

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A small-molecule pan-HER inhibitor alone or in combination with cisplatin exerts efficacy against nasopharyngeal carcinoma

《医学前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第2期   页码 275-289 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0945-y

摘要： The abnormal activation of HER family kinase activity is closely related to the development of human malignancies. In this study, we used HER kinases as targets for the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and explored the anti-tumor effects of the novel pan-HER inhibitor HM781-36B, alone or in combination with cisplatin. We found that HER family proteins were positively expressed in tumor tissues of some NPC patients, and the high levels of those proteins were significantly related to poor prognosis. HM781-36B inhibited NPC in vitro and in vivo. HM781-36B exerted synergistic effects with cisplatin on inhibiting proliferation and promoting apoptosis of NPC cells. In NPC xenograft models in nude mice, HM781-36B and cisplatin synergistically inhibited tumor growth. Downregulating the activity of HER family proteins and their downstream signaling pathways and regulating tumor microenvironment may explain the synergistic anti-tumor effects of HM781-36B and cisplatin. In conclusion, our study provides evidence for HER family proteins as prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for NPC. The pan-HER inhibitor HM781-36B alone or in combination with cisplatin represents promising therapeutic effects for the treatment of NPC patients, which provides a new idea for the comprehensive treatment of NPC.

关键词： epidermal growth factor receptor     ErbB receptors     HM781-36B     nasopharyngeal carcinoma     molecular targeted therapy     cisplatin    

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A hybrid membrane process for simultaneous thickening and digestion of waste activated sludge

Zhiwei WANG, Qiaoying WANG, Zhichao WU, Xinhua WANG,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第3期   页码 272-279 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0234-x

摘要： A hybrid membrane process for simultaneous sludge thickening and digestion (MSTD) was studied. During one cycle (15 d) of operation under a hydraulic retention time of 1 d, the concentration of mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) continuously increased from about 4 g·L to 34 g·L, and the mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) increased from about 3 g·L to over 22 g·L. About 42% of the MLVSS and 39% of the MLSS reduction were achieved. The thickening and digestion effects in the MSTD were further analyzed based on a mass balance analysis. Test results showed that biopolymers and cations of biomass were gradually released to the bulk solution during the process. It was also found that the capillary suction time, colloidal chemical oxygen demand, soluble microbial products, viscosity, and MLSS had significant positive correlations with the membrane fouling rate, whereas extracellular polymeric substances, polysaccharides, and proteins extracted from biomass had negative impacts on membrane fouling.

关键词： membrane filtration     sludge digestion     sludge thickening     waste activated sludge    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Expression of protease-activated receptors on platelets in healthy individuals

Rui ZHU, Lin SHEN

期刊论文

High-affinity T cell receptors redirect cytokine-activated T cells (CAT) to kill cancer cells

Synat Kang, Yanyan Li, Yifeng Bao, Yi Li

期刊论文

Toll-like receptors in innate immunity and infectious diseases

Min-Hao WU, Ping ZHANG, Xi HUANG,

期刊论文

Group III metabotropic glutamate receptors and drug addiction

null

期刊论文

Distinct roles of ASIC3 and TRPV1 receptors in electroacupuncture-induced segmental and systemic analgesia

null

期刊论文

嵌合抗原受体和调节性T细胞——移植中人类白细胞抗原特异性免疫抑制的潜力

Sabrina Wright, Conor Hennessy, Joanna Hester, Fadi Issa

期刊论文

Advances in newly developing therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus infection

null

期刊论文

Adsorption of benzene and toluene from waste gas using activated carbon activated by ZnCl

Leila KARIMNEZHAD,Mohammad HAGHIGHI,Esmaeil FATEHIFAR

期刊论文

Influence of pore structure on biologically activated carbon performance and biofilm microbial characteristics

期刊论文

Anti-β glycoprotein I antibodies in complex with β2 glycoprotein I induce platelet activation via two receptors

null

期刊论文

Removal of phenol by powdered activated carbon adsorption

Yan MA, Naiyun GAO, Wenhai CHU, Cong LI

期刊论文

Kinetics and thermodynamics of the phosphine adsorption on the modified activated carbon

Bingnan REN

期刊论文

Responses of microbial interactions to elevated salinity in activated sludge microbial community

期刊论文

A small-molecule pan-HER inhibitor alone or in combination with cisplatin exerts efficacy against nasopharyngeal carcinoma

期刊论文

A hybrid membrane process for simultaneous thickening and digestion of waste activated sludge

Zhiwei WANG, Qiaoying WANG, Zhichao WU, Xinhua WANG,

期刊论文